HCS101 Fixed Code Encoder FEATURES The HCS101 operates over a wide voltage range of 3.5V to 13.3V and has three button inputs in an 8-pin configuration, which allows the system designer the freedom to utilize up to 7 functions. The only components required for device operation are the buttons and RF circuitry, allowing a very low system cost. Operating 2 Programmable 32-bit serial numbers 10-bit serial number 66-bit transmission code length Non-volatile 16-bit counter 3.5V -13.3V operation 3 inputs, 7 functions available Selectable baud rate Automatic code-word completion Battery low signal transmitted to receiver PACKAGE TYPES PDIP, SOIC Other * * * * * * Pin-out compatible with most Keeloq Encoders Simple programming interface On-chip EEPROM On-chip oscillator and timing components Button inputs have internal pulldown resistors Minimum External Components required S0 1 S1 2 S2 3 NC 4 HCS101 * * * * * * * * * 8 VDD 7 NC 6 DATA 5 VSS HCS101 BLOCK DIAGRAM Power latching and switching Oscillator Controller Typical Applications Reset Circuit The HCS101 is ideal for remote control applications. These applications include: * * * * * * * Low-end automotive alarm systems Low-end automotive immobilizers Gate and garage door openers Identity tokens Low-end burglar alarm systems Fan and lighting controls Toys EEPROM DATA Transmit register VSS Button input port VDD DESCRIPTION S2 S1 S0 The HCS101 from Microchip Technology Inc. is a fixed code encoder designed for remote control systems. It provides a small package outline and low cost to make this device a perfect solution for unidirectional remote control systems. It is also pin compatible with Microchip's HCS201 Code Hopping Encoder allowing easy upgrading to a more secure remote keyless entry (RKE) system. 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41115B-page 1 HCS101 1.0 SYSTEM OVERVIEW As indicated in the block diagram in Figure 1-1, the HCS101 has a small EEPROM array, which must be loaded with several parameters before use. These parameters include: * * * * Two 32-bit serial numbers 16-bit counter value Additional 10-bit serial number Configuration data FIGURE 1-1: The EEPROM data for each transmitter is programmed by the manufacturer at the time of production. Any type of controller may be used as a receiver, but it is typically a microcontroller with compatible firmware that allows the receiver to operate in conjunction with a transmitter, based on the HCS101. BASIC OPERATION OF TRANSMITTER ENCODER Transmitted Information Serial Function Number 3 Bits Counter Serial Number 1 Function Bits EEPROM Array Serial Number 3 Counter Serial Number 1 DS41115B-page 2 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS101 2.0 DEVICE OPERATION As shown in the typical application circuits in Figure 2-1, the HCS101 is easy to use. It requires only the addition of buttons and RF circuitry for use as the transmitter in your application. A description of each pin is given in Table 2-1. FIGURE 2-1: TYPICAL CIRCUITS VDD B0 S0 VDD B1 S1 NC S2 DATA NC VSS The HCS101 will wake up upon detecting a switch closure and then delay for a debounce delay (TDB) as shown in Figure 2-2. The device will then update the 16-bit counter before it loads the transmit register. The data is then transmitted serially on the DATA pin in Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) format. If additional buttons are pressed during a transmission, the current transmission is terminated. The HCS101 restarts and the new transmission will contain the latest button information. When all buttons are released, the device completes the current code-word and then powers down. Released buttons do not terminate and/or restart transmissions. FIGURE 2-2: ENCODER OPERATION Power Up (A button has been pressed) Tx out Reset and Debounce Delay 2 button remote control Sample Inputs VDD B3 B2 B1 B0 Update Counter Load Transmit Register S0 VDD S1 NC S2 DATA NC VSS Transmit Tx out Yes 4 button remote control Note: Up to 7 functions can be implemented by pressing more than one button simultaneously or by using a suitable diode array. TABLE 2-1: PIN DESCRIPTIONS Name Pin Number S0 1 Switch input 0 S1 2 Switch input 1 S2 3 Switch input 2/Clock pin for programming mode Description No All No Buttons Released ? Yes Complete Code Word Transmission Stop NC 4 No connection VSS 5 Ground reference connection DATA 6 Pulse width modulation (PWM) output pin/Data pin for programming mode NC 7 No connection VDD 8 Positive supply voltage connection 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Buttons Added ? Preliminary DS41115B-page 3 HCS101 3.0 TRANSMITTED WORD 3.2 3.1 Transmission Format (PWM Mode) The HCS101 transmits a 66-bit code-word. The 66-bit word is constructed from the serial numbers, counter and function information. The code-word format is shown in Figure 3-2. The HCS101 transmission is made up of several codewords as shown in Figure 3-1. Each code-word starts with a preamble and a header, followed by the data. The code-word is followed by a guard period before the next code-word begins. The same code-word is transmitted as long as the button is pressed. Refer to Table 7-4 for transmission timing requirements. FIGURE 3-1: Code-Word Organization Under normal conditions, serial number 1 is transmitted with the counter and serial number 3. If all the buttons are pressed, serial number 2 is transmitted in place of the counter and serial number 3. CODE-WORD TRANSMISSION FORMAT TE LOGIC `0' LOGIC `1' Bit Period Preamble Tp Header Th Counter, SER_3 and Function SER_1 and Function Guard Time Tg Start Pulse (Te) FIGURE 3-2: `1' (1 bit) CODE-WORD ORGANIZATION VLOW (1 bit) Function** (0/4 bits) Serial Number 1 (32/28 bits)** Counter (16 bits) Function (4 bits) `00' (2 bits) Serial Number 3 (10 bits) S2 S1 S0 S3* Serial Number 2*** (32 bits) S2 S1 S0 S3* * See Section 4.3.6, S3 Setting (S3SET) ** See Section 4.3.7 Extended Serial Number (XSER) Transmission Direction LSB first *** Serial Number 2 is transmitted when all buttons are pressed DS41115B-page 4 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS101 4.0 EEPROM MEMORY ORGANIZATION TABLE 4-2: Bit Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 The HCS101 contains 192 bits (12 x 16-bit words) of EEPROM memory as shown in Table 4-1. Further descriptions of the memory array are given in the following sections. TABLE 4-1: WORD ADDRESS 4.1 EEPROM MEMORY MAP MNEMONIC DESCRIPTION 0 RESERVED Set to 0000H 1 RESERVED Set to 0000H 2 RESERVED Set to 0000H 3 RESERVED Set to 0000H 4 CNTR Counter 5 RESERVED Set to 0000H 6 SER_1 Device Serial Number 1 (word 0) 7 SER_1 Device Serial Number 1 (word 1) 8 SER_2 Device Serial Number 2 (word 0) 9 SER_2 Device Serial Number 2 (word 1) 10 SER_3 Device Serial Number 3 11 CONFIG Config Word CNTR (Counter) This is the 16-bit gray code counter value that can be used to track the number of times a transmitter has been used. 4.2 4.3.1 Configuration Word The configuration word is a 16-bit word stored in the EEPROM array that is used by the device to store the status configuration options. Further explanations of each of the bits are described in the following sections. OSC0 OSC1 OSC2 OSC3 VLOWS BRS MTX4 TXEN S3SET XSER RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED RESERVED These bits are used to tune the nominal frequency of the HCS101 to within 10% of its nominal value over temperature and voltage. 4.3.2 LOW VOLTAGE TRIP POINT SELECT (VLOWS) The low voltage trip point select bit (VLOWS) and the S3 setting bit (S3SET) are used to determine the voltage level for the low voltage detector. VLOWS S3SET* Trip Point 0 0 4.4 0 1 4.4 1 0 9 1 1 6.75 * See also Section 4.3.6 4.3.3 BAUDRATE SELECT BITS (BRS) BRS selects the speed of transmission and the codeword blanking. Table 4-3 shows how the bit is used to select the different baud rates and Section 5.2 provides a detailed explanation in code-word blanking. TABLE 4-3: Preliminary BAUDRATE SELECT 0 Basic Pulse Element 400s Code-Words Transmitted All 1 200s 1 out of 2 BRS 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Bit Name OSCILLATOR TUNING BITS (OSC0 TO OSC3) SER_1, SER_2, SER_3 (Encoder Serial Number) SER_1, and SER_2 are the 32-bit device serial numbers. SER_3 is an additional 10-bit serial number transmitted with every transmission. The most significant 6 bits of SER_3 are reserved and should be set to zero. 4.3 CONFIGURATION WORD DS41115B-page 5 HCS101 4.3.4 MINIMUM FOUR TRANSMISSIONS (MTX4) If this bit is cleared, a minimum of one code-word is completed, when the HCS101 is activated. If this bit is set, at least four complete code-words are transmitted. 4.3.5 TRANSMIT PULSE ENABLE (TXEN) If this bit is cleared, no transmission pulse is transmitted before a transmission. If the bit is set, a start pulse (1 TE long) is transmitted before the preamble of the first code-word. 4.3.6 S3 SETTING (S3SET) SPECIAL FEATURES 5.1 Code-Word Completion Code-word completion is an automatic feature that ensures that the entire code-word is transmitted, even if the button is released before the transmission is complete. If the button is held down beyond the time for one code-word, multiple code-words will result. If another button is activated during a transmission, the active transmission will be aborted and the new code will be generated using the new button information. 5.2 This bit determines the value of S3 in the function code during a transmission and the high trip point selected by VLOWS in Section 4.3.2. If this bit is cleared, S3 mirrors S2 during a transmission. If the S3SET bit is set, S3 in the function code is always set, independent of the value of S2. 4.3.7 5.0 EXTENDED SERIAL NUMBER (XSER) If this bit is cleared the most significant four bits of the HCS101's serial number are replaced with the function code. If this bit is set, the full 32-bit serial number is transmitted. Blank Alternate Code-Word Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules, Part 15 specify the limits on fundamental power and harmonics that can be transmitted. Power is calculated on the worst case average power transmitted in a 100ms window. It is therefore advantageous to minimize the duty cycle of the transmission. This can be achieved by minimizing the duty cycle of the individual bits and by blanking out consecutive words. The transmission duty cycle can be lowered by setting BRS. This allows the user to transmit a higher amplitude transmission, if the code-word length is shorter. This reduces the average power transmitted and hence, assists in FCC approval of a transmitter device. When the higher baud rate is selected, alternate code-words are not transmitted as shown in Figure 5-1. 5.3 Auto-Shutoff The auto-shutoff function automatically stops the device from transmitting if a button inadvertently gets pressed for longer than the time-out period, TTO. This will prevent the device from draining the battery if a button gets pressed while the transmitter is in a pocket or purse. 5.4 VLOW: Voltage LOW Indicator The VLOW bit is transmitted with every transmission and will be transmitted as a one if the operating voltage has dropped below the low voltage trip point. Refer to Figure 3-2. The trip point is selectable based on the battery voltage being used. See Section 4.3.2 for a description of how the low voltage select option is set. FIGURE 5-1: CODE-WORD TRANSMISSIONS Amplitude 100ms BRS = 0 BRS = 1 One Code-Word 100ms 100ms 100ms A 2A Time DS41115B-page 6 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS101 6.0 PROGRAMMING THE HCS101 The HCS101 will signal that the write is complete by sending out a train of ACK pulses, TACKH high, TACKL low on DATA. The ACK pulses will continue until S2 is dropped. These times can be used to calculate the oscillator calibration value. The first pulse's width should NOT be used for calibration. When using the HCS101 in a system, the user will have to program some parameters into the device, including the serial number and the counter, before it can be used. The programming cycle allows the user to input 192 bits in a serial data stream, which are then stored internally in EEPROM. Programming will be initiated by forcing the DATA line high, after the S2 line has been held high for the appropriate length of time. Refer to Table 6-1 and Figure 6-1. At the end of the programming cycle, the device can be verified as shown in Figure 6-2 by reading back the EEPROM. Reading is done by clocking the S2 line and reading the data bits on the DATA pin. A verify operation can only be done once, immediately following the program cycle. After the program mode is entered, a delay must be provided to the device for the automatic bulk write cycle to complete. This will write all locations in the EEPROM to an all zeros pattern. The device can then be programmed by clocking in 16 bits at a time, using S2 as the clock line and DATA as the data in line. After each 16-bit word is loaded, a programming delay is required for the internal program cycle to complete. This delay can take up to Twc. To ensure that the device does not accidentally enter programming mode, DATA should never be pulled high by the circuit connected to it. Special care should be taken when driving PNP RF transistors. PROGRAMMING WAVEFORMS Enter Program Mode Initiate Data Polling Here TPBW TDS TCLKL Bit 0 Bit 1 TWC TDH TCLKL Bit 2 Bit 3 C TA TPS TPH1 DATA (Data) TA CL K L S2 (Clock) LK H TCLKH TP H O LD FIGURE 6-1: Note: Bit 14 Bit 15 TPH2 Bit 16 Bit 17 Write Cycle Complete Here Calibration Pulses Data for Word 1 Repeat 12 times for each word Note: S0 and S1 button inputs to be held to ground during the entire programming sequence. FIGURE 6-2: VERIFY WAVEFORMS End of Programming Cycle DATA (Data) Bit190 Bit191 Begin Verify Cycle Here Bit 0 Data in Word 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 14 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 17 Bit190 Bit191 TDV S2 (Clock) TWC Note: If a Verify operation is to be done, then it must immediately follow the Program cycle. 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41115B-page 7 HCS101 TABLE 6-1: PROGRAMMING/VERIFY TIMING REQUIREMENTS VDD = 5.0V 10% 25 C 5C Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Units Program mode setup time TPS 2 -- ms Hold time 1 TPH1 5.0 -- ms Hold time 2 TPH2 50 -- s Bulk Write time TPBW -- 2.2 ms Program delay time TPROG -- 2.2 ms Program cycle time TWC -- 36 ms Clock low time TCLKL 25 -- s Clock high time TCLKH 25 -- s Data setup time TDS 0 -- s Data hold time TDH 30 -- s Data out valid time TDV 10 30 s Hold time TPHOLD 100 -- s Acknowledge low time TACKL 800 -- s Acknowledge high time TACKH 800 -- s DS41115B-page 8 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS101 7.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE 7-1: Note: ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Symbol Item Rating Units VDD Supply voltage -0.3 to 13.5 V VIN Input voltage -0.3 to VDD + 0.3 V VOUT Output voltage -0.3 to VDD + 0.3 V IOUT Max output current 50 mA TSTG Storage temperature -55 to +125 C (Note) TLSOL Lead soldering temp 300 C (Note) VESD ESD rating 2000 V Stresses above those listed under "ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS" may cause permanent damage to the device. TABLE 7-2: DC CHARACTERISTICS Commercial (C): TAMB = 0C to +70C Industrial (I): TAMB = -40C to +85C 3.5V < VDD < 5.0V Parameter Sym. Min. Typ1 Max. -- 0.5 5.0V < VDD < 13.3V Min. Typ1 Max. Unit -- 2 mA mA Operating current (avg)(2) ICC Standby current ICCS 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.0 A Auto-shutoff current(3,4) ICCS 40 75 160 300 A High level Input voltage VIH 0.55VDD VDD+0.3 2.75 VDD+0.3 V Low level input voltage VIL -0.3 0.15VDD -0.3 0.75 V High level output voltage VOH 0.6VDD Low level output voltage VOL Conditions V V IOH = -1.0 mA VDD = 3.5V IOH = -2.0 mA VDD = 10V 0.4 V V IOL = 1.0 mA VDD = 3.5V IOL = 2.0 mA VDD = 10V 3.3 0.08VDD Resistance; S0-S2 RSO-2 40 60 80 40 60 80 k VDD = 4.0V Resistance; DATA RDATA 80 120 160 80 120 160 k VDD = 4.0V Note 1: 2: 3: 4: Typical values are at 25C. No load. Auto-shutoff current specification does not include the current through the input pulldown resistors. Auto-shutoff current is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41115B-page 9 HCS101 TABLE 7-3: AC CHARACTERISTICS Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise specified): Commercial (C): 0C TA +70C Industrial (I): -40C TA +85C Symbol Parameters Min. Typ. Max. Units Conditions 10 + Code Word Time -- 26 + Code Word Time ms (Note 1) 12 -- 26 ms TBP Time to second button press TTD Transmit delay from button detect TDB Debounce delay 6 -- 20 ms TTO Auto-shutoff time-out period -- 27 -- s Start pulse delay -- 4.5 -- ms Ts (Note 2) Note 1: TBP is the time in which a second button can be pressed without completion of the first code-word and the intention was to press the combination of buttons. 2: The auto shutoff timeout period is not tested. FIGURE 7-1: POWER UP AND TRANSMIT TIMING Button Press Detect Code-Word Transmission TBP TTD TDB DATA Code Word 1 TS Code Word 2 Code Word 3 Code Word n TTO Sn FIGURE 7-2: PREAMBLE/HEADER FORMAT Preamble P1 Data Word Transmission Bit 0 Bit 1 Header P12 24 TE FIGURE 7-3: 10 TE DATA WORD FORMAT (XSER = 0) Counter & Serial Number 3 & Function Code LSB Bit 0 Bit 1 MSB LSB Serial Number 1 Function Code MSB S0 S1 S2 Vlow Bit 30 Bit 31 Bit 32 Bit 33 Bit 58 Bit 59 Bit 60 Bit 61 Bit 62 Bit 63 Bit 64 Bit 65 Header DS41115B-page 10 S3* Status * See S3SET Preliminary Guard Time 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS101 TABLE 7-4: CODE-WORD TRANSMISSION TIMING REQUIREMENTS VDD = +3.5 to 13.3V Commercial (C): TAMB = 0C to +70C Industrial (I): TAMB = -40C to +85C Symbol Characteristic Code-Words Transmitted All 1 out of 2 Number of TE Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Units TE Basic pulse element 1 360 400 440 180 200 220 s TBP PWM bit pulse width 3 -- 3 -- -- 3 -- ms TP Preamble duration 24 8.64 9.6 10.56 4.32 4.8 5.28 ms TH Header duration 10 3.6 4.0 4.4 1.8 2.0 2.2 ms THOP Hopping code duration 96 34.56 38.4 42.24 17.28 19.2 21.12 ms TFIX Fixed code duration 102 36.72 40.8 44.88 18.36 20.4 22.44 ms TG Guard Time 39 14.04 15.6 17.16 7.02 7.8 8.58 ms Total Transmit Time 271 97.56 108.4 119.24 48.78 54.2 59.62 ms PWM data rate 925 833 757 1851 1667 1515 bps Note: The timing parameters are not tested but derived from the oscillator clock. 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41115B-page 11 HCS101 NOTES: DS41115B-page 12 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS101 NOTES: 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. Preliminary DS41115B-page 13 HCS101 HCS101 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office. HCS101 - /P Package: Temperature Range: Device: P = Plastic DIP (300 mil Body), 8-lead) SN = Plastic SOIC (150 mil Body), 8-lead Blank = 0C to +70C I = -40C to +85C HCS101 = Code Hopping Encoder HCS101T = Code Hopping Encoder (Tape and Reel) Sales and Support Data Sheets Products supported by a preliminary Data Sheet may have an errata sheet describing minor operational differences and recommended workarounds. To determine if an errata sheet exists for a particular device, please contact one of the following: 1. 2. Your local Microchip sales office. The Microchip Corporate Literature Center U.S. FAX: (480) 792-7277. 3. The Microchip Worldwide Site. (www.microchip.com) Please specify which device, revision of silicon and Data Sheet (include Literature #) you are using. New Customer Notification System Register on our web site (www.microchip.com/cn) to receive the most current information on our products. DS41115B-page 14 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. HCS101 "All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2001, Microchip Technology Incorporated, USA. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights. The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any intellectual property rights." Trademarks The Microchip name, logo, PIC, PICmicro, PICMASTER, PICSTART, PRO MATE, KEELOQ, SEEVAL, MPLAB and The Embedded Control Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. Total Endurance, ICSP, In-Circuit Serial Programming, FilterLab, MXDEV, microID, FlexROM, fuzzyLAB, MPASM, MPLINK, MPLIB, PICDEM, ICEPIC, Migratable Memory, FanSense, ECONOMONITOR, SelectMode and microPort are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. Serialized Quick Term Programming (SQTP) is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their respective companies. (c) 2001, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the U.S.A., All Rights Reserved. Microchip received QS-9000 quality system certification for its worldwide headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and Tempe, Arizona in July 1999. The Company's quality system processes and procedures are QS-9000 compliant for its PICmicro(R) 8-bit MCUs, KEELOQ(R) code hopping devices, Serial EEPROMs and microperipheral products. In addition, Microchip's quality system for the design and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001 certified. 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. 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Printed in the USA. 2/01 Printed on recycled paper. Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to ensure that your application meets with your specifications. No representation or warranty is given and no liability is assumed by Microchip Technology Incorporated with respect to the accuracy or use of such information, or infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchip's products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized except with express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, except as maybe explicitly expressed herein, under any intellectual property rights. The Microchip logo and name are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc. in the U.S.A. and other countries. All rights reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies. DS41115B-page 16 Preliminary 2001 Microchip Technology Inc.